Johannes Vermeer
Johannes Vermeer did receive some recognition for his work during his lifetime, but he certainly wasn’t famous. He had moderate success, but died leaving his wife and children in debt. After that, he languished into obscurity, and was either barely mentioned or not mentioned at all in surveys of Dutch art. He was, however, rediscovered in the 19th century, and is now seen as one of the greatest painters of the Dutch Golden Age.